Questions
Questions I'm asking myself. Some have answers, some don't. The important ones rarely do.
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What did you make this week?
I'm asking this question of myself. I'm keeping a public record of it here. Not a blog, not a changelog. Just a log of creation. What exists now that didn't exist before? What did I create? This week. Writing it down makes the act of creation more tangible, more real.
- ? Are you addicted to cheap dopamine?
- ? What are you thinking about these days?
- ? What are you confused about?
- ? Are you doing what's expected of you, or what you truly want?
- ? What do you want?
- ? How to prepare for the times of change?
- ? Can you be more specific?
- ? What happens to your consciousness when you walk into a teleporter?
- ? What level of resolution would be required to replicate your brain in a way that produces someone you'd still consider 'you'?
- ? What are the key questions?
- ? Why not take a pen and a piece of paper, go offline for 1 hour and resolve one of them?
- ? What does a good future look like?
- ? What's the best argument against your current life choices?
- ? What will not be said in your eulogy that you wish would be?
- ? What inspires you?
- ? What's a skill you've been meaning to learn for years? Why haven't you?
- ? What's an opinion you hold that you've never actually questioned?
- ? Why did the US founding fathers decide that the president must be at least 35 years old?
- ? When was the last time you were truly bored?
- ? Does time exist?
- ? Does the replication crisis in science prove that even experts are trapped in groupthink?
- ? What are you absolutely certain about?
- ? What's something you think you want but would hate if you got it?
- ? Which problems in your life are real, and which are invented?
- ? How will history judge your work?
- ? Why will you fail?
- ? What do you know about yourself that others consistently underestimate?
- ? Which views do you claim to hold—though you know they're wrong—just to avoid criticism from your employer or industry?
- ? Why is it easier to do something for the other person than to do the exact same thing for yourself?
- ? What are you flinching from?
- ? Why not just stare at it for 10 minutes?
- ? What's a pain you'd happily endure (forever)?
- ? If you were arrested for being too consistent, would there be enough evidence to convict you?
- ? Who benefits most from you staying the same person you are today?
- ? What is AI alignment?
- ? Is your desire for more money based on the false belief that it will solve personal problems that have nothing to do with money?
- ? Why did the empire of Amir Timur (Tamerlane), which expanded from India to Anatolia, collapse within decades after his death, while smaller states like the Bukhara Khanate lasted much longer?
- ? How did the cultural flourishing like observatories, madrasas, and architecture in Samarkand coexist with the brutality of Timur's conquests?
- ? Is 'both sides-ism' just lazy contrarianism?
- ? Why did the Silk Road cities lose global significance after the 16th century, even though they had been world centers of trade and culture?
- ? Why did Central Asian elites (khans, emirs, religious leaders) often resist modernization when the Russian Empire introduced railroads, new schools, and industry, while some local reformers ("Jadids") pushed for change?
- ? Would you rather be forgotten or remembered for something mediocre?
- ? If thinking for yourself is so valuable, why does society punish independent thought?
- ? Looking back, are you any good at anticipating how you would feel and react to risks that actually occurred?
- ? Why do children who grow up without a real authority become spoiled? Do they?
- ? Is the internet making us more conformist by amplifying groupthink rather than dissent?
- ? What's something you believe that would get you fired if you said it at work? How can you know if it is true.
- ? What's the most dangerous idea you've ever seriously considered?
- ? What strong belief do you hold that's most likely to change?
- ? What great company is no one starting?
- ? Why do corporations spend billions on R&D but rarely discover real 'secrets'?
- ? If the most successful people are contrarian (e.g., Thiel, Musk, Jobs), why do schools train students to be obedient?
- ? Which 'crazy genius' you aspire to emulate is actually just crazy?
- ? Why do we call someone 'crazy' when they're early, but a 'visionary' when they're proven right?
- ? Is the obsession with 'data-driven decisions' killing bold, contrarian bets?
- ? What question are you afraid to ask because you suspect you already know the answer?
- ? Which truths are considered 'immoral' to investigate?
- ? How to measure AI alignment?
- ? Which idea would you defend even if it made you unpopular everywhere?
- ? Which of your heroes would disappoint you if you really knew them?
- ? Why did you do something you regret?
- ? If you could see yourself talk, what would you cringe at the most?
- ? Who has the right answers but you ignore because they're not articulate?
- ? What are we ignoring today that will seem shockingly obvious in a year?
- ? What do you think is currently ignored by the media but will be studied by historians?
- ? How many of your principles are cultural fads?
- ? What are you going to regret in a year?
- ? What's slowing you down the most?
- ? What's your destiny?
- ? How can you do better?
- ? Why do some secrets remain hidden for centuries (e.g., hygiene in medicine), while others are discovered simultaneously (e.g., calculus)?
- ? Will AI discover all new knowledge, or will it just reinforce consensus?
- ? How to solve prompt injections?
- ? When was the last time you asked for help?
- ? Did the person actually tell you no or did you just assume they would?
- ? Who do you want to be more like?
- ? Who do you want to be less like?
- ? Who do you envy that is actually less happy than you are?
- ? What would you do if you were alone in the universe?
- ? Why was Einstein celebrated for rejecting Newtonian physics, but modern dissidents are 'canceled'?
- ? What are bad recommendations you hear in your profession or area of expertise?
- ? What are the biggest time-wasters or distractions in your life?
- ? What's the most common piece of advice you find yourself giving to others?
- ? What are you putting off out of fear?
- ? What are the probable outcomes (both good and bad) if you attempt it?
- ? What's the trade-off you're making without realizing it?
- ? What's the worst-case scenario if you pursued your dream? Is it really that bad?
- ? What's a socially acceptable behavior you think is harmful?
- ? What's the biggest difference between what people think will make them happy and what actually does?
- ? What's the worst nutrition or fitness advice you've heard?
- ? What's the most impactful journaling prompt you've used?
- ? What's the best way to recover from burnout?
- ? What's something you've stopped doing that's improved your life?
- ? Are you avoiding hard work by doing things that just look productive?
- ? Are you working on a project that has the potential to be 10x or 100x better than alternatives?
- ? Are you thinking from first principles or relying on assumptions?
- ? What's your real motivation for starting a business?
- ? If your business disappeared tomorrow, would anyone care?
- ? What are you pretending not to know?
- ? What would make you say, 'Wow, that was an amazing life'?
- ? Is this a 'Hell Yes!' or a 'No'?
- ? If your startup failed tomorrow, what would be the real reason—not the excuse?
- ? What are you embarrassingly early to?
- ? What's the one thing you're avoiding because it feels too ambitious?
- ? If you had to lose all your current customers to find better ones, would you?
- ? What would you work on if no one could ever judge you?
- ? What outdated belief are you still clinging to because it was useful in the past?
- ? What's something you pretend to understand but actually don't?
- ? If you could erase one widely accepted idea from history, what would it be?
- ? What's something everyone is optimizing for that's actually a trap?
- ? What's the most illegal but morally acceptable thing you could do in your field?
- ? What would happen if your industry stopped pretending?
- ? What's the most painful truth you've been avoiding?
- ? If you had to reverse one of your strongest opinions, which would hurt the most?
- ? What's something you've forgotten that used to excite you as a kid?
- ? What's the biggest opportunity you've missed because you were too afraid to act?
- ? If you died today, what would your biggest professional waste have been?
- ? What's a technology that should exist by now but doesn't—because society is preventing it?
- ? What's something we're accidentally making worse by trying to improve it?
- ? If you could instantly abolish one law or regulation, which would unlock the most progress?
- ? What's a dying industry that deserves to die faster?
- ? What's something everyone claims to care about—but their actions prove they don't?
- ? What's a belief that's only popular because it's unfalsifiable?
- ? What's a taboo that shouldn't be a taboo?
- ? What's a future that's likely but that nobody is preparing for?
- ? What's the most overrated threat to society—and what's the most underrated one?
- ? If you had to bet, what's a current 'crazy' idea that will be mainstream in 20 years?
- ? What's something we'll look back on as obviously stupid—but we can't see it yet?
- ? Who has the most influence over society while being the least accountable?
- ? What's a form of censorship that's so subtle, most people don't even notice it?
- ? If technology makes governments less powerful, what fills the void?
- ? What's a group that's winning in society but pretending to be losing?
- ? What's a primal human desire that tech still hasn't fully exploited?
- ? What's something people say they want from tech—but actually don't?
- ? What's a technology that could reverse a major social problem?
- ? What's the most dehumanizing tech trend that nobody talks about?
- ? What's an institution that should be disrupted but is too emotionally sacred to touch?
- ? What's a job that shouldn't be automated—but will be because it's profitable?
- ? What's a technology we think makes us resilient—but actually increases systemic risk?
- ? What's a single point of failure in modern society that's being ignored?
- ? What's something we're terrified of that would actually solve more problems than it creates?
- ? What if 'disinformation' is just information that works too well?
- ? What's a fact that's true but useless because nobody can act on it?
- ? What's something Paul Graham is wrong about but won't admit?
- ? What business that looks like a 'monopoly' today will be a dying industry in 20 years?
- ? Who are widely admired people who are actually doing more harm than good?
- ? How would you destroy [Company X] if you were its competitor with unlimited capital?
- ? What's an industry where the dumbest competitor sets the profit margins for everyone else?
- ? What's a socially acceptable form of insanity that nobody questions?
- ? What's something everyone believes that is actually a collective hallucination?
- ? If you had to design a cult to brainwash smart people, what tactics would you use?
- ? What's a decision that feels 'responsible' but is actually irresponsible in the long run?
- ? What's something you've never regretted saying 'no' to?
- ? What's a 'good' habit that can backfire if taken too far?
- ? What's a modern tradition that future generations will view as barbaric?
- ? What's a widely accepted practice in business that is actually unethical?
- ? What's an example of 'progress' that has made life worse?
- ? If you could erase one law from existence, which would do the most good by disappearing?
- ? What's a skill that was extremely valuable 100 years ago that's useless now—and what current skill will be useless in 100 years?
- ? What's something you think you understand but actually don't?
- ? What's a piece of advice that sounds wise but is actually terrible in practice?
- ? What's something that's true that you wish wasn't true?
- ? What's an irreversible mistake most people don't realize they're making until it's too late?
- ? What's a 'fact' that everyone agrees on today that will be proven wrong in 50 years?
- ? Does solution to AI risk exist?
- ? How can we solve AI risk?
- ? How can we measure AI risk?
- ? What makes you do the right thing?
- ? How do we know if a LLM is telling us what it actually thinks?
- ? If you were forced to bet against the consensus, where would you put your money?
- ? What is a problem that you think only applies to other countries/industries/careers that will eventually hit me?
- ? Who are you afraid of?
- ? If truth is what survives scrutiny, why do most people avoid scrutiny?
- ? Which of your principles would you abandon if they stopped earning you praise and recognition?
- ? How much of what you do is internal benchmark (makes you happy) vs. external benchmark (you think it changes what other people think of you)?
- ? When was the last time you prayed?
- ? What are you proud of?
- ? Why did Krishna reveal himself only to Arjuna?
- ? Is the real purpose of NDAs to hide secrets—or to create the illusion of them?
- ? What's the right way to regulate AI?
- ? Do you feel better or worse after spending time with the person you spend most of your time with?
- ? Was Alexander worse than Hitler?
- ? When should one give up?
- ? What's the ground-truth measure?
- ? How to upload brains w/o discontinuity of consciousness?
- ? Why not travel to your favorite city as often as you can?
- ? Whose views do you criticize that you would actually agree with if you lived in their shoes?
- ? Can a machine learning model be truly contrarian? Will scaling help?
- ? Why do we celebrate 'diversity' in gender and race but not in thought?
- ? Which of your current views would you disagree with if you were born in a different country or generation?
- ? Whose approval are you auditioning for?
- ? What does nobody want to say about this industry?
- ? Whose silence do you mistake for agreement?
- ? If you could not compare yourself to anyone else, how would you define a good life?
- ? What do you think is true but is actually just good marketing?
- ? What looks unsustainable but is actually a new trend we haven't accepted yet?
- ? What has been true for decades that will stop working, but will drag along stubborn adherents because it had such a long track record of success?
- ? Who do you think is smart but is actually full of it?
- ? What do you ignore because it's too painful to accept?
- ? Do the fundamental laws of physics exist?
- ? Am I wasting my time writing these questions?
- ? What have you promised to do and not done yet?
- ? Is consciousness continuous?
- ? Is the failure condition clear?
- ? What are you flinching from thinking about?
- ? Why do people sign false confessions?
- ? When was the last time you talked to someone you really admire?
- ? Is solving alignment different from building AGI?
- ? What have you learned about yourself in the last year?
- ? Are AI capabilities more like those of bombs or of computers?
- ? How does the brain generate consciousness?
- ? Have you spent 1 minute today on your biggest goal?
- ? Have you spent 1 hour today on your biggest goal?
- ? Have you spent 10 hours today on your biggest goal?
- ? What's the most common advice you give to people?
- ? Do you follow it yourself?
- ? Does the world need to be saved?
- ? What can you do in the next 60 seconds that will make you feel proud of yourself?
- ? What are the hardest problems you are excited to solve?
- ? What are you wrong about?
- ? What's AGI?
- ? What's a business that should exist but doesn't because of cultural/political taboos?
- ? Why not invite someone you like talking to for a dinner?
- ? Who's consistently ahead of you?
- ? Why don't you catch up?
- ? How to overcome the second law of thermodynamics?
- ? What do you wish you could do but you're absolutely confident you can't?
- ? How do you know?
- ? What's the humanity's frontier?
- ? What exists?
- ? What doesn't exist?
- ? What should exist but doesn't? What do we need that we don't have?
- ? What is the book (or books) you've given most as a gift, and why?
- ? If you were on my deathbed tomorrow, what would you regret most?
- ? Why do we have 'thought leaders' when real progress comes from 'thought heretics'?
- ? When was the last time you closed your eyes for a minute and asked yourself if you're doing the right thing?
- ? Why do secular liberals still preach 'sacred' values (equality, climate, etc.) like a religion?
- ? What can you do all day long and feel great going to bed?
- ? What is the shape of the solution to AI alignment?
- ? Where in the world is your tribe?
- ? Are you thinking independently or going along with the tribal views of a group you want to be associated with?
- ? What's the ETA to the Dyson sphere around the sun?
- ? Why do schools teach students to memorize existing knowledge rather than seek out undiscovered truths?
- ? What are the key factors of pluralist future?
- ? Do you like yourself when you look in the mirror?
- ? What's the strongest case for technological accelerationism?
- ? What's the strongest case against technological accelerationism?
- ? Does anyone believe they're evil?
- ? What do other people tell you about you that you are always surprised to hear?
- ? Why?
- ? Which future memory are you creating right now, and will you be proud to own it?
- ? What's a 'fact' everyone in your industry accepts that might be wrong?
- ? Why does anything exist at all?
- ? Do you believe in yourself more than you believed 5 years ago?
- ? What would you do if you couldn't make the world better?
- ? How do the experiences of sleep, general anesthesia, and death differ?
- ? Have you read a good history book?
- ? What are you trying to do?
- ? How did humanity manage to never deploy a hydrogen bomb?
- ? What are the key factors of a good future?
- ? What do you have no competitors in?
- ? How do you know what someone will do when the push comes to shove?
- ? What's the right thing to do?
- ? What's the silver bullet?
- ? How do you know?
- ? Why not?
- ? Who do you look up to who is secretly miserable?
- ? Why is democracy the best form of government?
- ? Why did Islam Karimov establish such a strict authoritarian regime after independence, when many Uzbeks hoped for liberalization?
- ? Which of your strongest beliefs are formed on second-hand information vs. first-hand experience?
- ? What haven't I experienced firsthand that leaves me naive to how something works?
- ? Why has Uzbekistan been slower to open politically and economically compared to neighbors like Kazakhstan, despite having rich resources and a strong cultural heritage?
- ? What are you addicted to that doesn't look like an addiction?
- ? What's the best way to say 'no' without guilt?
- ? If your industry disappeared tomorrow, what would you proudly say you contributed?
- ? Why is the market capitalization of Facebook, founded 15 months prior to YC by a 19 year old, larger than that of all YC companies combined?
- ? Is the fear of being wrong so strong that most people prefer consensus over truth?
- ? What question do you not want someone to ask you?
- ? What's the most important thing you've changed your mind about in the last week/month/year/decade?
- ? What's the most you'd pay not to do your job for a year?
- ? Why do most people fail to leverage the internet's infinite scalability, even when the tools are (almost) free? Is that a zero-sum game?
- ? What do you desperately want to be true, so much that you think it's true when it's clearly not?
- ? How do you make decisions today that your future self won't regret, given that you'll be a different person?
- ? Is the goal of reading to collect ideas or to dissolve your existing ones?
- ? How would your views change if you had 10,000 years of good, apples-to-apples data on things you only have recent history to study?
- ? How do you know if you're being patient (a skill) or stubborn (a flaw)? They're hard to tell apart without hindsight.
- ? What's the most embarrassing (but true) opinion you hold?
- ? Why do we call it 'the universe' instead of 'God' when it does all the same things (creates, destroys, governs)?
- ? Can true wealth exist without some form of exploitation, or is all capital accumulation inherently extractive?
- ? Why do we accept 'science' as dogma rather than as a process of discovering new knowledge?
- ? Why do most breakthroughs come from outsiders (e.g., Wright brothers, Katalin Karikó)?
- ? Is expertise overrated? Does it create blind spots?
- ? Could the best way to find secrets be to avoid formal training in a field?
- ? Why do we trust 'peer-reviewed' consensus when most breakthroughs come from outsiders?
- ? Whose advice has been so correct in the past that you now just go and act on it?
- ? Which parts of your life feel like theater?
- ? If money were irrelevant, would you still be doing what you're doing?
- ? What's an 'unfair advantage' you have that you're not using?
- ? Do you have any opinions that you would be reluctant to express in front of a group of your peers? What are they? Why reluctant?
- ? Which of your current views would change if your incentives were different?
- ? How to go to the center of the universe?
- ? What part of your identity is holding you back?
- ? Is unconditional love possible, or is all love transactional at some level? How do you maintain independence while deeply loving someone?
- ? What's the simplest way to get what you want?
- ? When was the last time you did something you've never done before?
- ? What important truths do very few people agree with you on?
- ? Why do governments regulate innovation when history shows it's the only way society improves?
- ? What would future-you regret not doing today?
- ? Is your life aligned with your values, or are you living someone else's idea of success?
- ? What if the thing you're most proud of is also your biggest limitation?
- ? What are the scientific rules for life?
- ? How did the Romanovs manage to rule Russia for 300 years?
- ? What events very nearly happened that would have fundamentally changed the world as we know it?
- ? What would you die for?
- ? How much have things outside of your control contributed to things you take credit for?
- ? Can a company survive long-term if its secret gets out?
- ? Why did the Japanese keep debating whether to surrender even after two nuclear bombings?
- ? What would you do in utopia?
- ? What's a norm today that will seem barbaric in 50 years?
- ? Why do you live where you live?
- ? What's something you believe that almost nobody agrees with you on?
- ? What big, bold challenge excites me enough to dedicate years to solving it?
- ? Is it possible to wield power without corruption, or is power itself the corrupting force?
- ? When was the last time you took 3 months completely off?
- ? What's the best book you've read that changed your perspective?
- ? Why did the anarchists murder the single most progressive Russian emperor?
These questions evolve over time. Some get answered, some get replaced, some stay with me forever.